青海省近50年耕地资源变化及驱动力研究

耕地减少是全国和各省耕地变化的基本趋势,本文根据青海省现有的统计资料,分析了青海省54年以来耕地面积变化的总体趋势、空间差异及驱动因子,结果表明:经济发展、社会系统压力和农业科技进步是影响青海省耕地数量变化的三类因素,并用主成分分析,多元线性回归分析对耕地面积变化的驱动力进行了定量分析。     

锡林郭勒盟北五旗近5年沙漠化过程及成因分析

本文在收集前人研究成果和野外调查的基础上,运用RS和GIS技术,以2000和2005年具有相同时相(秋季)的两期TM影像为信息源,对锡林郭勒盟北部五个旗、市地区的沙漠化土地进行了动态监测和分析。研究结果表明:近5a来研究区土地沙漠化总体呈上升扩展的趋势,5a来沙漠化土地面积增加了1366.057km2,其中轻度、中度、重度沙漠化土地面积分别增加:239.806 km2、1025.393 km2、850.396 km2,与此相反严重沙漠化土地面积减少了749.539 km2;地表疏松的沙物质,为土地沙漠化发展提供了丰富的物质基础,不合理的人类活动加速了沙漠化的发展。     

塔里木河下游生态输水前后生态与环境的动态变化研究

早在4000年前的原社社会,塔里木河(以下简称塔河)下游绿色走廊已经形成。在近百年的历史中,前20年是绿色走廊的兴盛时期,自20世纪20年代中期以后,绿色走廊开始近代历史上的衰败过程,特别是近50年来塔里木河上中游的水土开发活动,使得下游地区的来水量骤减并中断有近30年的历史,从而引发了下游绿色走廊的逐步走向衰败、土地荒漠化趋势加剧等生态环境恶化问题。为了改善塔河下游地区的生态与环境、抑制土地退化的加剧、挽救濒临灭绝的下游天然植被,截止2005年11月共向该地区输水7次,断流30年的塔里木河下游完成了第四次应急输水后,大体达到维系下游生态的必须水量,输水使河道两侧植被生长状况发生明显改善,生物呈多样化变化。笔者在1998年5月,2002年10月和2004年5月三次对塔河中、下游地区进行实地考察获得了第一手资料,本文在前人研究的成果基础上和实地考察资料相结合,对塔里木河下游生态输水前后生态与环境的动态变化进行探讨。     

基于时间维度的旅游环境承载力动态研究

旅游环境承载力是描述旅游环境系统能够承受的旅游活动强度的概念,是建立在微观研究基础上服务于旅游区规划管理的重要工具。合理、科学的构建旅游环境承载力动态模型,对维护旅游业的可持续发展有着重要的理论意义和实践价值。本文首先分析了旅游环境承载力的内涵;再次,根据旅游业发展的季节性特征,运用动态改进层次分析法确定不同阶段的权重,遵循从分量承载力计量到综合承载力计量的步骤构建旅游环境承载力的动态模型;最后,为了反映旅游环境承载力的利用状况,增强实用性,对旅游环境承载率进行了研究,并以南戴河国际娱乐中心旅游区为例进行了实证分析。     

Teppeki® – Ein neues Insektizid im Ackerbau (Kartoffeln und Weizen)

Teppeki^®, a new insecticide with the active ingredient flonicamid (500?g/kg), is available for the German market since May 2007 in top fruits and arable crops. Flonicamid belongs to a new chemical class, called pyridinecarboxamides. For that, it could be used as an important tool in insecticide resistant management (IRM). The product works systemic and has a long lasting efficacy against all important aphid species. Registration is available with application rates between 140 and 160?g/ha for winter wheat and potatoes. It will be expanded to the use against virus vectors in seed potatoes soon. The following article shows for those indications trial data from the years 2000–2005, which prove the efficacy of the product.     

Ausnahmen von Quarantäneauflagen für Forschungs- und Züchtungszwecke

Specific harmful organisms whether singly or associated with plants shall not be introduced into the European Community. All activities which would involve these organisms are not allowed. The authorities can make under defined requirements an exception for activities for trial or scientific purposes and for work on varietal selections. The responsible body has to determine conditions which must be satisfied in the case of introductions, movements or activities, in order to ensure that there is no risk of harmful organism spreading. The legal basis is the Commission directive 95/44/EC transferred into German legislation by the Pflanzenbeschauverordnung.     

结缕草交播不同量高羊茅试验研究

在已成坪的结缕草草坪上,按１０ｇ／ｍ２、２０ｇ／ｍ２、３０ｇ／ｍ２和４０ｇ／ｍ２播量在秋季交播高羊茅,连续３年按月测定群落中高羊茅和结缕草的密度、盖度和频度,进而探讨较为适宜的交播量和各种交播量的交播效果。４种交播量中以１０ｇ／ｍ２为最佳;增加交播高羊茅播量会显著增加高羊茅的密度（Ｐ＜０．０５）及程度不同的增加其盖度和频度（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但却明显地降低了结缕草的密度、盖度和频度（Ｐ＜０．０５）,使高羊茅的种群竞争能力加强而结缕草的竞争能力减弱,使草坪群落趋向于向高羊茅不同个体组成的单一草坪群落方向演替。     

建筑围护结构动态热特性辨识及其系统

提出了建筑围护结构动态热特性辨识的概念，阐述了围护结构动态热特性辨识的方法及其作用，介绍了一种新的围护结构动态热特性辨识系统的构成和特点。     

Soil saturation effects on forest dynamics: scaling across a southern boreal/northern hardwood landscape

Patch modeling can be used to scale-up processes to portray landscape-level dynamics. Via direct extrapolation, a heterogeneous landscape is divided into its constituent patches; dynamics are simulated on each representative patch and are weighted and aggregated to formulate the higher level response. Further extrapolation may be attained by coarsening the resolution of or lumping environmental data (e.g., climatic, edaphic, hydrologic, topographic) used to delimit a patch.Forest patterns at the southern boreal/northern hardwood transition zone are often defined by soil heterogeneity, determined primarily by the extent and duration of soil saturation. To determine how landscape-level dynamics predicted from direct extrapolation compare when coarsening soil parameters, we simulated forest dynamics for soil series representing a range of drainage classes from east- central Maine. Responses were aggregated according to the distribution of soil associations comprising a 600 ha area based on local- (1:12,000), county- (1:120,000) and state- (1:250,000) scale soil maps. At the patch level, simulated aboveground biomass accumulated more slowly in poorer draining soils. Different soil series yielded different communities comprised of species with various tolerances for soil saturation. When aggregated, removal of waterlogging caused a 20–60% increase in biomass accumulation during the first 50 years of simulation. However, this early successional increase and the maximum level of biomass accumulation over a 200 year period varied by as much as 40% depending on the geospatial data. This marked discrepancy suggests caution when extrapolating with forest patch models by coarsening parameters and demonstrates how rules used to rescale environmental data need to be evaluated for consistency.     

基于表驱动的动态数据上报管理系统研究

近年来,信息管理系统广泛应用于各个领域,由于大多研发者只着眼于设计开发自己所需求的应用系统,由此产生一系列问题:各领域内系统整体开发效率低下,系统的扩展性和通用性差,造成了资源的大量浪费。本文针对于数据填报及统计类系统领域,设计并实现包含数据访问构件、数据校验构件、空缺数据填补构件和统计结果查询输出构件在内的可复用软件——基于表驱动的动态数据上报管理系统(DDTMS),以解决信息管理系统中数据填报及统计类系统的共性问题。将DDTMS应用到中国林业生态资源环境承载力:数据投放器和中国生态安全指数系统中,试验表明:该可复用软件具有良好的通用性,极大提高了系统开发效率,改善了系统的扩展性,表现出良好的实用性和稳定性。